2016年9月21日水曜日

Exercises

30.2
1 The article explores the origins of the concept of democracy.
2 One small explosion set off a chain reaction, causing massive damage.
3 The confusion probably stemmed from a lack of communication.
4 The proposed new tax could have major consequences for larger families.
5 The disastrous events of 2003 gave rise to a widespread sense of disillusionment.
6 The judge explained that there were precedents for his decision.

30.3
1 De Routa's work in the 1970s influenced on / to / - the development of computer science.
2 The acid seemed to have no affect / effect whatsoever on the plastic.
3 Everyone hoped for a positive outcome upon / off / to the meeting between the two governments.
4 The reason for / to / of the failure of the project was a lack of funding.
5 The impact of global warming for / on / to the polar ice caps is now understood more clearly.
6 The journalist wondered what particular ending / end the goverment had in mind when it decided to build a national tennis academy.

31.2
1 There are some interesting PhD theses on water resources in the library.
2 What was your main criterion in designing your survey?
3 She was interested in a strange phenomenon connected with comets.
4 The hypotheses were never proved, as the data were incomplete.

31.3
1 We must never accept the notion that intelligence is connected to race.
2 The task of choosing an analytical framework is an important stage in any research.
3 The book expresses his viewpoint on the role of the United Nations in times of war.
4 Tannen has always made her stance on gender and language use very clear.
5 Consumers have different perceptions of what low price and high quality mean.
6 The report laid out a new model of family healthcare which changed everything.
7 Physicists developed the concept of dark matter to explain certain observations.

31.4
1 autonomy
2 the humanities
3 profound
4 thinking and understanding
5 moral
6 grounding

33.1
Collocation in English falls into a number of different categories. In this article, I should like to draw a distinction between 'ordinary' collocations and those that are so fixed that they can be called idioms. Although my main focus is on 'ordinary' collocations, I shall also to some extent take idioms into consideration too. I plan to raise a number of questions about learning collocations in a foreign or second language. I shall attempt to answer these questions by making reference to work of the leading writers in the field. My intention is to make a strong case for a more intensive focus on collocation in the language learning process. I shall also touch on issues such as pronunciation.

33.2
1 Assess the significance of a factor
2 Argue something very convincingly
3 Draws an analogy
4 Lend support to an argument
5 Put forward an argument
6 Hold firmly to a belief
7 Draws attention to a new trend
8 Lays emphasis on one factor
9 Disagree profoundly with someone
10 Draws a conclusion

33.3
1 This paper proposes / presents the case for the complete revision of the theory.
2 Recent research hints / explains/ suggests that Jackson's theory of economic development is flawed.
3 The author of the book adopts / adapts / affects an  unusual position on the topic.
4 The writer of the article explains / states / declares his opinion very clearly.
5 The article concludes by briefly / shortly precisely summarising the main points that the author wishes to put across.
6 The writer does / draws / creates some interesting parallels between life now and life in the Middle Ages.
7 I keep / take / hold firmly to my belief in the importance of basic human rights.
8 The book rises / arises / raises some key questions but fails to deal with them in a satisfactory manner.

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